jurnal.doc

    UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

 

TBF 3023

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

 

MINI PROJECT REPORT

PLANT WATER TREATMENT USING PLANT WASTE

 

GROUP MEMBERS:

             

 

1. NUR AZNIN BINTI SAHARI                                                                                        D20081032238

2. EMYRA BINTI AMRAN                                                                                      D20081032247

3. WAN NUR SAKINAH W. ABDUL HALIM                                                        D20081032259

4. HAZIRAH BINTI RAZALI                                                                                        D20081032284

 

LECTURER:

DR HASHIMAH BT ALIMON

 

    TITLE:

      PLANT WATER TREATMENT USING PLANT WASTE

 

ABSTRACT

              This study focuses on the usage plant wastes which are coconut husk, coconut fiber and charcoal as a medium in treatment process of polluted river water. Gravel stones, sand and Terminallia catappa leaves are used as control in this research which is easily available. In this study coconut husk and coconut fiber are used because the structure like a filter and have a potential to decrease the turbidity of water. Charcoal increase its effectiveness as a filter which readily adsorbs a wide range of organic compounds dissolved in water. It is also used to absorb odors. Water quality parameters analyzed in this research are biological oxygen dissolved (BOD), pH and turbidity. Treatment was carried on samples collected from the river beside Kolej Harun Aminurrashid, UPSI with pH 7.37, turbidity 12.70 NTU, and BOD 9.60. All the analysis was carried out in Biology’s laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, UPSI. From the result obtained, pH of water increase which show the treatment makes the water alkaline, turbidity of the water decrease and the concentration of BOD also reduced after filtration.

 

OBJECTIVES:

1. To  make people aware how important plant in our life
2. To increase the knowledge among student and people surrounding
3. To preserve and  conserve  water pollution in our country
4. To built spirit in the love of nature
5. To know how plant waste act in water treatment.
6. To make a research on turbidity, BOD and pH of river water before and after treatment using plant waste.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION

             

              Water is being used every day by us to complete our daily life. Clean water is needed for the activity in life but nowadays water sources is increase in rate of pollution. Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem. Many lake, river and stream becoming increased polluted by industrial, agriculture and other human activity without treatment. The need of water conducting treatment is significantly important for the evaluation of physical, chemical and biological nature of water in order to make the water quality increased. So, we do the research about the using of plant waste to preserve water pollution.                                                                                                                

 

Plant is important in our life. Plants have many functions that can reserve and conserve our environment and make our life better. Plants have the ability to conserve and treated water pollution. By doing that we can save our mother’s nature. In this research we used the filtering process using plant waste to reduce water pollution. The significant of filtration mechanism that will aid in minimizing potential sources that can cause severe pollution to the river system. Filtering process is the process that we leave the residue in the bottle and get the actual product. The actual product is used to compare the different sequence of materials in the filter. By using the different sequence of materials in filter we can determine the best sequence that can use to treat water pollution. Plant waste that we used to run this research is coconut husk, coconut fiber and charcoal. All this materials work as variable. The materials that we used as controls are gravel stone, sand and catappa leaves. This material has their own ability in preserve water pollution.

 

Other than that, some biological test has been done to the polluted water that we used. The test include BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) test, turbidity test and pH test. Biochemical oxygen demand or BOD is a chemical procedure for determining the rate of uptake of dissolved oxygen by the rate biological organisms in a body of water use up oxygen. It is not a precise quantitative test, although it is widely used as an indication of the quality of water. BOD can be used as a gauge of the effectiveness of wastewater treatment plants. Turbidity is a measure of the relative clarity of water: the greater the turbidity, the dirtier the water. Turbidity increases as a result of suspended solids in the water that reduce the transmission of light. Suspended solids are varied, ranging from clay, silt, and plankton, to industrial wastes and sewage. The turbidity test is designed to scientifically and objectively judge the solubility of a sample to the solvent specified in Clarity of Solution in Purity in the individual monograph. By observing the status of the solution, the characteristic properties of the substance and the existence of impurities in the substance can be easily identified. The pH test is used to determine the acidity or alkalinity of the solution. The acidic behavior is determined when the pH below 7 and the alkalinity was determined when the pH above 7.

 

 

 

 

 

 

METHODOLOGY

 

Materials and Apparatus:

 

Sand, Charcoal, gravel stone, Terminalia catappa leaves, Coconut Husk, Coconut Fiber, bottles, scissors, knife, salotape, double sided tape, sticker paper, pen, a4 paper, mounting board, wrapping plastic, a4 colour paper.

 

Procedure:

 

1. This study aim to identify plants that have the ability to conserve water pollution.
2. This study also has been done to save mother’s nature.
3. We use instrument such as below:

 

1. First, we have a work field by searching the water polluted area. From there we know the level and the stage of the worse water pollution.
2. We found the plant waste that can conserve the water pollution.
3. We found the way to conserve the water pollution by using plant waste that we already search before. The plant waste that suitable for the treatment are:

 

1. Coconut Husk
2. Terminalia catappa leaves
3. Coconut Fiber

 

4. Then, we determine which materials will be the control and variables.
5. We make eight filters with a different arrangement of materials. We label the control’s filter as A.
6. We label the variables’ filter as B, C, D, E, F, G and H.  The sequences shown below:

Beaker	Materials
	Control			Variables
	Leaves	Stone	Sand	Charcoal	Coconut Husk	Coconut Fiber
A	X	X	X
B	X	X	X			X
C	X	X	X	X
D	X	X	X		X
E	X	X	X	X	X
F	X	X	X		X	X
G	X	X	X	X		X
H	X	X	X	X	X	X

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SIGNIFICANT:

From the results of this research, it might be contributed to the certain parties to be used in the ways that related in solving the water pollution. The significances of this research is to prove the potential of Coconut Fiber, Coconut Husk and Terminalia Catappa leaves to reduce the  turbidity, BOD and pH value in alkaline water.

 

RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

Water is defined as free from disease carrying microorganism and free from dangerous chemical substance. The three main sources of water are rain, surface water such as reservoir, stream and ground water like shallow wells and springs. In urban areas and big town, the corporation undertakes the treatment of water surfaces and water sources to supply to users.

  Two-thirds of our body weight is water. It is possible to live without food for three weeks but impossible to live without water for more than three days. Water borne infection is responsible for 80% of the disease in India and some other developing countries. Unfortunately, even after being treated water gets polluted. Whenever there is contamination of the drinking water sources and daily activity, especially when there is water logging after rains, there is an outbreak of infection.

Naturally found water is not pure H₂O. It contains impurities of various kinds whether both dissolved and suspended impurities. These are the impurities derived from atmosphere, catchment area and soil. They can be dissolved substance like hydrogen sulphide, oxygen, ammonia or suspended impurities such as clay, slit, sand, mud and microscopic plants and animal.

The more hazardous water pollution is caused by human activity like urbanization and industrialization. We took sample of water from river beside Harun Aminurrashid College. As we know the river is in the town and usually water pollution is caused by human activity like urbanization and industrialization. Source of polluting that possible beside the college is sewage which contains decomposable organic matter and disease carrying microbes, agricultural pollutants like fertilizers and pesticides such as DDT, Dioxin and so on. Beside the river, there are someone doing some gardening and possible that he or she is doing the activity.

              Based on our research and reading, coconut husk fibres will help to reduce the turbidity of water. The Terminalia Catappa leaves are large 15-25cm long and 10-40cm broad. Terminalia Catappa leaves helps to reduce and maintain the pH. Coconut husk are environmentally safe and can be used for filtration. Other than that this leaves can absorb metal and reduce nutrient in water. The use of charcoal is as material to removing impurities from water. The process works by absorbing certain contaminants in water. Charcoal is simply carbon that has been chemically infused with oxygen to create pores that absorb contaminants and has been found to be highly effective in removing foreign chemicals and microorganism from water.

From this experiment, we done the research on plant waste water treatment and we want to determine which sequence is the best among the filter sequence that we make. Filter A acts as control. When we compare the filter between B, C and D we got result that B is more effective compared to C and D. The sequence of B was coconut fibre, Terminalia Catappa leaves, sand and stone. Coconut fibres help to reduce turbidity of river water and Terminalia Catappa leaves help in reduce pH of water. For the filter between E, F and G, we got the result F is more effective compare to the others. The sequences in filter F are coconut husk, coconut fibre, Terminalia Catappa leaves, sand and stone. As the mention above, coconut fibres and coconut husk help to reduce turbidity and Terminalia Catappa leaves can reduce the pH of water to be more natural.

Based on our experiment results, we got pH value increase for all filters compared to the pH value before we filtered. We conclude that the material that we used during the experiment effect the pH value. All value range that we got is from 7.47 to 8.08 that shown the water is alkaline. From our readings, alkaline water helps to neutralize acid and remove toxin in the body. It is a great cleanser and helps to detoxify our system. The process of making water alkaline increases the purity of the water by filtering out toxin and impurities. Ideally, water should have a pH between 7.50 to 8.50.

Turbidity is the amount of cloudiness in the water. This can vary from a river full of mud and silt where it would be impossible to see through the water (high turbidity), to spring water which appears to be completely clear (low turbidity). Turbidity can be caused by silt, sand and mud, bacteria and other germs and chemical precipitates. Drinking water should have a turbidity of 5 NTU/JTU or less. Where water is chlorinated, turbidity should be less than 5 NTU/JTU and preferably less than 1 NTU/JTU for chlorination to be effective.

 

Beaker	Turbidity(NTU)	pH	BOD
A	13.50	7.78	10.00
B	3.77	7.77	6.50
C	5.31	8.08	7.80
D	13.20	7.80	6.90
E	9.82	7.80	7.20
F	7.37	7.47	5.50
G	9.83	7.51	6.30
H	16.05	7.59	5.70

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CONCLUSION:

Qualified water should be clear, colourless, odourless and tasteless. Free of chemical substance such as chloride, oxygen, toxic substance such as arsenic lead, mercury and contamination of water. As we know in this experiment we create filters that can be used to know the level of the turbidity and compared to each other. From that, we know which filter is effective in filtration. We also created the arrangement of variables such as charcoal, Catappa leaves, stone, sand and coconut fibre to find the possible arrangement.

Activated carbon water filtration is effective, but their filters do not last forever. Once the pores of activated charcoal are full of the contaminants they’ve absorbed, the filters should be replaced.

From this experiment, we also found that some of our research done not well. There are some disadvantages in the process. The taste is altered. The precipitates have to be filtered out and give no residual protection. We use plant waste such as Catappa leaves, coconut fibre, coconut husk and charcoal because this plant is not been research anyway. Catappa leaves easy to get from beside the river. This plant has the tall tree and we only get the dry Catappa leaves so that we can do the filtration. Dry Catappa only effective in dry condition.

Another advantage use of coconut husk and coconut fibre is for removal of several heavy metals as a function of PH and metal concentration in single and mixed solutions.

Plant waste can be used to treat water pollution. The plant wastes are coconut fibre, coconut husk and charcoal. Now we can build the spirit in the love of nature. Furthermore, we know how plant act in water treatment. By doing research we can increase the knowledge among student and peoples surrounding. Also, we can make peoples aware how plants are important in our live.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

REFERENCES:

 

Obtained on October 14, 2009 from http://www.grinningplanet.com/2005/09-06/water-              pollution-causes-article.htm

Obtained on October 14, 2009 from www.grinningplanet.com/2005/09.../water-pollution-              causes-article.htm

Obtained on October 14, 2009 from www.wikipedia.com