TBC 3013 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN BIOLOGY

TITLE: SPREADSHEET

NAME	MATRIK NUMBER
NUR AMIRAH BT SHAMSUDIN	D20081032302
HAZIRAH BINTI RAZALI	D20081032284
YII EE WENG	D20081032237
ZAIMAHIZZATI ZAILAN	D20081032261

 

PROGRAMME CODE:  AT16

PROGRAMME NAME:  BIOLOGY

SEMESTER:  3

GROUP:  1 (MONDAY 2PM-5PM)

DATE: 5 October 2009

 

LECTURER’S NAME:  DR. SADIAH BINTI BAHAROM

SCIENTIFIC CONCEPT

Every different types of food have their own specific energy

FORMULA

Energy value = ( mass of water X 4.2 X rise in temperature of water ) Jg-1

                                                         mass of food

 

 

The specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 J g^{-1 0}C^-1

A balanced diet is able to fulfill the daily energy requirement of the human body. Energy is needed to perform physical activities and to sustain vital function such as heartbeat, breathing and for maintaining body temperature. The energy required by the food is generated by the oxidation of molecules obtained from the food during cellular respiration. The energy content of a particular type of food can be determined by burning a known mass of the food in the presence of O₂ in a bomb calorimeter. The amount of food is known as the energy value of the food. The unit of energy value is joule per gram (J g^-1). 4.2 joules of energy are needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 ⁰C.

 

UNIQUE FEATURE OF THIS ACTIVITY.

• This feature can be manageable and systematically organize according to the title on the column.
• The data will displayed in a systematically manner, saving time drawing pie chart graph.
• Many examples can be analyze without any manual calculation.
• During the processing of data, repetition of activity can be carried out easily.
• Can be measured even the smaller measurement.
• By using spreadsheet, the experimental data and graph that obtain from the experiment were recorded.

 

 

 

ENGAGE

 

 

In a family, there are consist of 4 members which are a man, a pregnant woman, a boy and teenagers girl. The men work as a labour while his son as an athlete at the school. From this food pyramid can you determine the food that suitable for each of the member in this family? Give your reason for your answer.

 

Why do you thing that human need 8 glass of water daily?

 

 

 

 

 

EMPOWER

Steps

1. students are given:

• ground peanut, cashew nut, maize, distilled water, boiling tube, needle, thermometer, plasticine, retort stand, measuring cylinder
• a computer ( with a Excel Spreadsheet Program)

2. student should know and construct the experiment to determine the energy value using the formula given
3. student also were guided the conduct the experiment.
4. They have to construct a hypothesis for this experiment.
5. Teacher may give these instructions to start the activity ;

• Open a spreadsheet file
• Name the file as value energy
• One ground peanut is weigh and then data is entered in the spreadsheet.
• Place 20mL of distilled in a boiling tube.
• Place the boiling tube at the retort stand and place a thermometer in the boiling tube.
• Record the initial value of the temperature.
• Place the ground peanut at the tip of a needle. Then, burn ground peanut using the Bunsen burner. The burning peanut is immediately place under the boiling tube.
• Record the final temperature after the ground peanut has been burned.
• Enter the result in the column B and C of your spreadsheet.
• Repeat the experiment using cashew nut and maize.

 

 

 

Notes : 

• mass of 1Ml of water = 1g

            Thus, total value mass of water in boiling tube is equal to the volume of water that being

             use.

• The specific heat value of water = 4.2 Jg^{-1 0}C^-1

 

 

How to draw a graph with your spreadsheet:

1. Highlight cells A1-4 and G1-4.
2. Next right click copy the cells.
3. Then paste the cells at other column and row.
4. Last highlight this cells and get the program a column graph.

 

Question:

1. Calculate the energy value for each type of food.
2. Which food has high energy value?

 

Answer:

1. Ground peanut = 4.2 × 20 × 37

        0.5

                                    = 6216 J

 

Cheshur nut = 4.2 × 20 × 74

1.6

                                = 3885 J

 

  Maize = 4.2 × 20 × 91

                     1.0

                      = 7644 J                                         

 

2. Maize has the highest energy value among three food sample.

 

ENHANCE

                                              Teenager                                                          Old man

 

THINGS TO PONDER

1. From the picture above, which person require most energy in their daily life?

2. Why?

3. Explain your answer?

 

ANSWER

1. Teenager

2. Because teenager has higher rate of metabolism than old man

3. Teenager usually take high amount of nutrient every day for their growth than old man. Large

    amount of food need to be burn in order to get energy. Thus, increase the rate of metabolism.

  

We learn about spreadsheet today. Spreadsheet is interesting and I will be an educator soon know that spreadsheet have many advantages. Spreadsheeet use as to key in data such as examination mark.

A spreadsheet is a computer application that simulates a paper worksheet. It displays multiple cells that together make up a grid consisting of rows and columns, each cell containing either alphanumeric text or numeric values. A spreadsheet cell may alternatively contain a formula that defines how the contents of that cell is to be calculated from the contents of any other cell (or combination of cells) each time any cell is updated. Spreadsheets are frequently used for financial information because of their ability to re-calculate the entire sheet automatically after a change to a single cell is made.

Visicalc is usually considered the first electronic spreadsheet (although this has been challenged), and it helped turn the Apple II computer into a success and greatly assisted in their widespread application. Lotus 1-2-3 was the leading spreadsheet when DOS was the dominant operating system. Excel is now considered to have the largest market share on the Windows and Macintosh platforms.

http://docs.google.com/View?id=dg75xkwm_55ddh7d5c3

From Movies

Simulation and Modelling

Today we need to present our work on simulation and modelling to Dr. Sadiah. We are in group of four which are Ee weng, Zaimah, Amira and I decided to choose topic of osmosis focused in form 4 students. This topic is for simulation.

Then, for modelling we choose diffusion also focused on form 4 students. The differences between simulation and modelling are simulation is the video that show to students. So that, they can understand the topic very well. Sometimes, in Biology subject we cannot see the with naked eye and we just can imagine visually. Modelling is also like video but we can change the variable and can see the result immediately.

Why teachers always use simulation and modelling in teaching and learning ??? It is because it will make students more understand and to avoid misconception.

For more information, you can see here...

http://mw.concord.org/modeler/index.html

Simulation and modelling that we have done...

-SMART SCHOOL-

Class today we are been teaching about Smart School. Smart school is the best school that complete with facilities and comfortable. We are needed to explain what is Smart school and the role of ICT in a constructivist classroom. We in a group make an essays and submit to Dr. Sadiah by upload to My portal. We also stress on Technology as an enabler, Smart school implication and constructivist model (EEE) and Smart school processes and scenarios.

Furthermore, we discuss on critically on issues related to Smart school in Malaysia.

Then, we search the facts by Smart school Roadmap and Smart school Blueprint.

For more information just click..

http://mscmalaysia.my/smartschool/

PICASA????



First time we heard about this, we just can look each other...what is this?? Then, assistant of Dr.Sadiah tough us about this. Then, we know that Picasa is used in editing picture to look more nices and great. Now, in my blog I use picasa to edit my picture and make collage for my family picture. After that, we use Picasa to make movie and slide show. And now, I introduced picasa to my friends, family for make them easier in editing picture that can be used again.
Furthermore, picasa can make us add effect so that our picture more attractive. Before using picasa, we also need to make google account.

Picasa is a software application for organizing and editing digital photos, originally created by Idealab and owned by Google since 2004. "Picasa" is a blend of the name of Spanish painter Pablo Picasso, the phrase mi casa for "my house" and "pic" for pictures (personalized art). In July 2004, Google acquired Picasa and began offering it as a free download. At the time of the acquisition, the company's management team consisted of Lars Perkins as CEO, Mike Herf as CTO, and Dan Engel as VP Market Development.

Native applications for Windows XP, Windows Vista and Mac OS X are available through Google Labs. For Linux Google has bundled Wine with the Windows version to create an installation package rather than write a native Linux version. For Windows 98 and Windows Me, only an older version is available. There is also an iPhoto plugin or a stand-alone program for uploading photos available for Mac OS X 10.4 and later.

Today is 10 August 2009. We are learning about smartboard. We have been teaching by Dr. Sadiah on the Learning technologies (Interactive Whiteboard). Then, we had design constructive lesson that integrates interactuve whiteboard. Other than that, we also look through why and when to use interactive white board in teaching and learning and also to appreciate how smartboard makes teaching and learning more collaborative and interactive.

We also being excited when we first know about this whiteboard. Everyone will always ask what is interactive whiteboard?

An interactive whiteboard, or IWB, is a large interactive display that connects to a computer and projector. A projector projects the computer's desktop onto the board's surface, where users control the computer using a pen, finger or other device. The board is typically mounted to a wall or on a floor stand.

They are used in a variety of settings such as in classrooms at all levels of education, in corporate board rooms and work groups, in training rooms for professional sports coaching, broadcasting studios and more.
The interactive-whiteboard industry is expected to reach sales of $1 billion worldwide by 2008; one of every seven classrooms in the world will feature an interactive whiteboard by 2011 according to market research by Futuresource Consulting. In 2004, 26% of British primary classrooms had interactive whiteboards. The Becta Harnessing Technology Schools Survey 2007 indicated that 98% of secondary and 100% of primary schools had IWBs. By 2008 the average numbers of interactive whiteboards rose in both primary schools (18 compared with just over six in 2005, and eight in the 2007 survey) and secondary schools (38, compared with 18 in 2005 and 22 in 2007).

Uses for interactive whiteboards include:
1) Operating any software that is loaded onto the connected PC, including web browsers and proprietary software

2) Using software to capture notes written on a whiteboard or whiteboard-like surface
Controlling the PC (click and drag), markup (annotating a program or presentation) and
translating cursive writing to text (not all whiteboards)

3) In some instances the Interactive Whiteboard may be provided with an integrated Audience Response System so presenters can carry out polls and quizzes and capture the feedback on the Interactive Whiteboard .

Form More Information or you want to buy the smartboard you can find here..

http://smarttech.com/

http://docs.google.com/Doc?docid=0AUGKiIfNKLVrZGc3NXhrd21fNDJjZmR6Yzdncg&hl=en

    UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS

 

TBF 3023

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

 

MINI PROJECT REPORT

PLANT WATER TREATMENT USING PLANT WASTE

 

GROUP MEMBERS:

             

 

1. NUR AZNIN BINTI SAHARI                                                                                        D20081032238

2. EMYRA BINTI AMRAN                                                                                      D20081032247

3. WAN NUR SAKINAH W. ABDUL HALIM                                                        D20081032259

4. HAZIRAH BINTI RAZALI                                                                                        D20081032284

 

LECTURER:

DR HASHIMAH BT ALIMON

 

    TITLE:

      PLANT WATER TREATMENT USING PLANT WASTE

 

ABSTRACT

              This study focuses on the usage plant wastes which are coconut husk, coconut fiber and charcoal as a medium in treatment process of polluted river water. Gravel stones, sand and Terminallia catappa leaves are used as control in this research which is easily available. In this study coconut husk and coconut fiber are used because the structure like a filter and have a potential to decrease the turbidity of water. Charcoal increase its effectiveness as a filter which readily adsorbs a wide range of organic compounds dissolved in water. It is also used to absorb odors. Water quality parameters analyzed in this research are biological oxygen dissolved (BOD), pH and turbidity. Treatment was carried on samples collected from the river beside Kolej Harun Aminurrashid, UPSI with pH 7.37, turbidity 12.70 NTU, and BOD 9.60. All the analysis was carried out in Biology’s laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, UPSI. From the result obtained, pH of water increase which show the treatment makes the water alkaline, turbidity of the water decrease and the concentration of BOD also reduced after filtration.

 

OBJECTIVES:

1. To  make people aware how important plant in our life
2. To increase the knowledge among student and people surrounding
3. To preserve and  conserve  water pollution in our country
4. To built spirit in the love of nature
5. To know how plant waste act in water treatment.
6. To make a research on turbidity, BOD and pH of river water before and after treatment using plant waste.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION

             

              Water is being used every day by us to complete our daily life. Clean water is needed for the activity in life but nowadays water sources is increase in rate of pollution. Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem. Many lake, river and stream becoming increased polluted by industrial, agriculture and other human activity without treatment. The need of water conducting treatment is significantly important for the evaluation of physical, chemical and biological nature of water in order to make the water quality increased. So, we do the research about the using of plant waste to preserve water pollution.                                                                                                                

 

Plant is important in our life. Plants have many functions that can reserve and conserve our environment and make our life better. Plants have the ability to conserve and treated water pollution. By doing that we can save our mother’s nature. In this research we used the filtering process using plant waste to reduce water pollution. The significant of filtration mechanism that will aid in minimizing potential sources that can cause severe pollution to the river system. Filtering process is the process that we leave the residue in the bottle and get the actual product. The actual product is used to compare the different sequence of materials in the filter. By using the different sequence of materials in filter we can determine the best sequence that can use to treat water pollution. Plant waste that we used to run this research is coconut husk, coconut fiber and charcoal. All this materials work as variable. The materials that we used as controls are gravel stone, sand and catappa leaves. This material has their own ability in preserve water pollution.

 

Other than that, some biological test has been done to the polluted water that we used. The test include BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) test, turbidity test and pH test. Biochemical oxygen demand or BOD is a chemical procedure for determining the rate of uptake of dissolved oxygen by the rate biological organisms in a body of water use up oxygen. It is not a precise quantitative test, although it is widely used as an indication of the quality of water. BOD can be used as a gauge of the effectiveness of wastewater treatment plants. Turbidity is a measure of the relative clarity of water: the greater the turbidity, the dirtier the water. Turbidity increases as a result of suspended solids in the water that reduce the transmission of light. Suspended solids are varied, ranging from clay, silt, and plankton, to industrial wastes and sewage. The turbidity test is designed to scientifically and objectively judge the solubility of a sample to the solvent specified in Clarity of Solution in Purity in the individual monograph. By observing the status of the solution, the characteristic properties of the substance and the existence of impurities in the substance can be easily identified. The pH test is used to determine the acidity or alkalinity of the solution. The acidic behavior is determined when the pH below 7 and the alkalinity was determined when the pH above 7.

 

 

 

 

 

 

METHODOLOGY

 

Materials and Apparatus:

 

Sand, Charcoal, gravel stone, Terminalia catappa leaves, Coconut Husk, Coconut Fiber, bottles, scissors, knife, salotape, double sided tape, sticker paper, pen, a4 paper, mounting board, wrapping plastic, a4 colour paper.

 

Procedure:

 

1. This study aim to identify plants that have the ability to conserve water pollution.
2. This study also has been done to save mother’s nature.
3. We use instrument such as below:

 

1. First, we have a work field by searching the water polluted area. From there we know the level and the stage of the worse water pollution.
2. We found the plant waste that can conserve the water pollution.
3. We found the way to conserve the water pollution by using plant waste that we already search before. The plant waste that suitable for the treatment are:

 

1. Coconut Husk
2. Terminalia catappa leaves
3. Coconut Fiber

 

4. Then, we determine which materials will be the control and variables.
5. We make eight filters with a different arrangement of materials. We label the control’s filter as A.
6. We label the variables’ filter as B, C, D, E, F, G and H.  The sequences shown below:

Beaker	Materials
	Control			Variables
	Leaves	Stone	Sand	Charcoal	Coconut Husk	Coconut Fiber
A	X	X	X
B	X	X	X			X
C	X	X	X	X
D	X	X	X		X
E	X	X	X	X	X
F	X	X	X		X	X
G	X	X	X	X		X
H	X	X	X	X	X	X

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SIGNIFICANT:

From the results of this research, it might be contributed to the certain parties to be used in the ways that related in solving the water pollution. The significances of this research is to prove the potential of Coconut Fiber, Coconut Husk and Terminalia Catappa leaves to reduce the  turbidity, BOD and pH value in alkaline water.

 

RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

Water is defined as free from disease carrying microorganism and free from dangerous chemical substance. The three main sources of water are rain, surface water such as reservoir, stream and ground water like shallow wells and springs. In urban areas and big town, the corporation undertakes the treatment of water surfaces and water sources to supply to users.

  Two-thirds of our body weight is water. It is possible to live without food for three weeks but impossible to live without water for more than three days. Water borne infection is responsible for 80% of the disease in India and some other developing countries. Unfortunately, even after being treated water gets polluted. Whenever there is contamination of the drinking water sources and daily activity, especially when there is water logging after rains, there is an outbreak of infection.

Naturally found water is not pure H₂O. It contains impurities of various kinds whether both dissolved and suspended impurities. These are the impurities derived from atmosphere, catchment area and soil. They can be dissolved substance like hydrogen sulphide, oxygen, ammonia or suspended impurities such as clay, slit, sand, mud and microscopic plants and animal.

The more hazardous water pollution is caused by human activity like urbanization and industrialization. We took sample of water from river beside Harun Aminurrashid College. As we know the river is in the town and usually water pollution is caused by human activity like urbanization and industrialization. Source of polluting that possible beside the college is sewage which contains decomposable organic matter and disease carrying microbes, agricultural pollutants like fertilizers and pesticides such as DDT, Dioxin and so on. Beside the river, there are someone doing some gardening and possible that he or she is doing the activity.

              Based on our research and reading, coconut husk fibres will help to reduce the turbidity of water. The Terminalia Catappa leaves are large 15-25cm long and 10-40cm broad. Terminalia Catappa leaves helps to reduce and maintain the pH. Coconut husk are environmentally safe and can be used for filtration. Other than that this leaves can absorb metal and reduce nutrient in water. The use of charcoal is as material to removing impurities from water. The process works by absorbing certain contaminants in water. Charcoal is simply carbon that has been chemically infused with oxygen to create pores that absorb contaminants and has been found to be highly effective in removing foreign chemicals and microorganism from water.

From this experiment, we done the research on plant waste water treatment and we want to determine which sequence is the best among the filter sequence that we make. Filter A acts as control. When we compare the filter between B, C and D we got result that B is more effective compared to C and D. The sequence of B was coconut fibre, Terminalia Catappa leaves, sand and stone. Coconut fibres help to reduce turbidity of river water and Terminalia Catappa leaves help in reduce pH of water. For the filter between E, F and G, we got the result F is more effective compare to the others. The sequences in filter F are coconut husk, coconut fibre, Terminalia Catappa leaves, sand and stone. As the mention above, coconut fibres and coconut husk help to reduce turbidity and Terminalia Catappa leaves can reduce the pH of water to be more natural.

Based on our experiment results, we got pH value increase for all filters compared to the pH value before we filtered. We conclude that the material that we used during the experiment effect the pH value. All value range that we got is from 7.47 to 8.08 that shown the water is alkaline. From our readings, alkaline water helps to neutralize acid and remove toxin in the body. It is a great cleanser and helps to detoxify our system. The process of making water alkaline increases the purity of the water by filtering out toxin and impurities. Ideally, water should have a pH between 7.50 to 8.50.

Turbidity is the amount of cloudiness in the water. This can vary from a river full of mud and silt where it would be impossible to see through the water (high turbidity), to spring water which appears to be completely clear (low turbidity). Turbidity can be caused by silt, sand and mud, bacteria and other germs and chemical precipitates. Drinking water should have a turbidity of 5 NTU/JTU or less. Where water is chlorinated, turbidity should be less than 5 NTU/JTU and preferably less than 1 NTU/JTU for chlorination to be effective.

 

Beaker	Turbidity(NTU)	pH	BOD
A	13.50	7.78	10.00
B	3.77	7.77	6.50
C	5.31	8.08	7.80
D	13.20	7.80	6.90
E	9.82	7.80	7.20
F	7.37	7.47	5.50
G	9.83	7.51	6.30
H	16.05	7.59	5.70

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CONCLUSION:

Qualified water should be clear, colourless, odourless and tasteless. Free of chemical substance such as chloride, oxygen, toxic substance such as arsenic lead, mercury and contamination of water. As we know in this experiment we create filters that can be used to know the level of the turbidity and compared to each other. From that, we know which filter is effective in filtration. We also created the arrangement of variables such as charcoal, Catappa leaves, stone, sand and coconut fibre to find the possible arrangement.

Activated carbon water filtration is effective, but their filters do not last forever. Once the pores of activated charcoal are full of the contaminants they’ve absorbed, the filters should be replaced.

From this experiment, we also found that some of our research done not well. There are some disadvantages in the process. The taste is altered. The precipitates have to be filtered out and give no residual protection. We use plant waste such as Catappa leaves, coconut fibre, coconut husk and charcoal because this plant is not been research anyway. Catappa leaves easy to get from beside the river. This plant has the tall tree and we only get the dry Catappa leaves so that we can do the filtration. Dry Catappa only effective in dry condition.

Another advantage use of coconut husk and coconut fibre is for removal of several heavy metals as a function of PH and metal concentration in single and mixed solutions.

Plant waste can be used to treat water pollution. The plant wastes are coconut fibre, coconut husk and charcoal. Now we can build the spirit in the love of nature. Furthermore, we know how plant act in water treatment. By doing research we can increase the knowledge among student and peoples surrounding. Also, we can make peoples aware how plants are important in our live.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

REFERENCES:

 

Obtained on October 14, 2009 from http://www.grinningplanet.com/2005/09-06/water-              pollution-causes-article.htm

Obtained on October 14, 2009 from www.grinningplanet.com/2005/09.../water-pollution-              causes-article.htm

Obtained on October 14, 2009 from www.wikipedia.com